Articles on Sanitation

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Brazil’s Marajó Archipelago on the Amazon river delta is the world’s largest tidal island. Roughly the size of Switzerland, its rich biodiversity and landscapes combine Amazon rainforest, mangroves, and freshwater. Dado Photos/Shutterstock

Why safe water is still lacking in the Marajó Archipelago, one of the world’s most water‑abundant regions

Brazil holds 12% of the world’s freshwater reserves and yet growing water insecurity reveals some of the country’s deepest sanitation inequalities, which are particularly relevant to Marajó, its largest coastal island.
The new ‘Star home’ has successfully reduced malaria, pneumonia and diarrhoea among Tanzanian children. Courtesy Julien Lanoo

Better‑designed homes could cut three major child diseases by up to 44% – Tanzania trial

A three year study of Tanzanian children found that changing the way homes are designed can prevent diarrhoea, pneumonia and malaria, and help children grow taller.
Welcoming young men who have undergone initiation outside the kraal or ubuhlanti. This ceremony, ulwaluko, underscores the need for all Eastern Cape homes to have space for a kraal. Per-Anders Pettersson/Getty Images

No space for culture: ‘matchbox housing’ leaves residents unable to honour customs in a South African town

In South Africa’s Makanaskop, the kraal is a sacred space for rituals but small plots with outside toilets undermine this cultural use.
Aerial image of downtown São Paulo, Brazil. The city of 20 million people has made strides in managing housing, transport and sanitation. Photo by Fabio Vieira/FotoRua/NurPhoto via Getty Images

Africa’s city planners must look to the global south for solutions: Johannesburg and São Paulo offer useful insights

Johannesburg in South Africa and São Paulo in Brazil offer useful insights into how cities in the global south should be managed.
An aerial view of Cape Town city. GettyImages

Cape Town’s sewage treatment isn’t coping: scientists are worried about what the city is telling the public

Current science communications in Cape Town are not serving the public well.
A city canal in Lagos, Nigeria clogged with plastic, styrofoam and disposable diapers. Benson Ibeabuchi/AFP/Getty Images

960 million dirty diapers are a big waste problem – what can be done with them

There are 960 million disposable baby diapers used and thrown away every year in Ghana, Nigeria and Kenya. Ways need to be found to recycle them instead.

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