Articles on Polar ice

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In the aquatic or frozen habitats of the North and South Poles, life is dominated by single-celled micro-organisms. Giant viruses sit at the top of the food pyramid. (Unsplash/Henrique Setim)

The giant viruses that orchestrate life in the polar regions

Long overlooked because of their size, giant viruses are now redefining the frontiers of microbiology.
As temperatures rise, the timing of the ice thaw changes. Vincent Denarie via Arctic Report Card

From record warming to rusting rivers, 2025 Arctic Report Card shows a region transforming faster than expected

The 20th anniversary of the annual report tracks how sea ice, snow cover and many other vital signs of the Arctic have changed, and the impact that’s having on people and wildlife.
The big wildcard for sea level rise is Antarctica. James Eades/Unsplash

Antarctica is headed for a climate tipping point by 2060, with catastrophic melting if carbon emissions aren’t cut quickly

If emissions continue at their current pace, Antarctica will cross a threshold into runaway sea rise when today’s kids are raising families. Pulling CO2 out of the air later won’t stop the ice loss.
2016’s warm winter meant not enough snow for the start of the Iditarod sled dog race in Anchorage, so it was brought by train from 360 miles north. AP/Rachel D'Oro

In Alaska, everyone’s grappling with climate change

For everyone from traditional hunters to the military, the National Park Service to the oil industry, climate change is the new reality in Alaska. Government, residents and businesses are all trying to adapt.
As the world prevaricates over climate action, Antarctica’s future is shrouded in uncertainty. Hamish Pritchard/British Antarctic Survey

Antarctica has lost 3 trillion tonnes of ice in 25 years. Time is running out for the frozen continent

What will Antarctica look like in 2070? Will the icy wilderness we know today survive, or will it succumb to climate change and human pressure? Our choices over the coming decade will seal its fate.
Without floating sea ice, climate-weakened ice shelves are wide open to attack by waves. AAP Image/Caroline Berdon

Ocean waves and lack of sea ice can trigger Antarctic ice shelves to disintegrate

Since 1995, several ice shelves off the Antarctic Peninsula have abruptly disintegrated. A new analysis suggests that these events are triggered when ice shelves lose their buffer of floating ice.
Melting Antarctic ice can trigger effects on the other side of the globe. NASA/Jane Peterson

How Antarctic ice melt can be a tipping point for the whole planet’s climate

The climate secrets contained in an ancient tree that lived through abrupt global change reveal how Antarctica can trigger rapid warming in the north by dumping cold water into the Southern Ocean.
Adélie penguin at the Mt Siple breeding colony, West Antarctica. Jasmine Lee

The winners and losers of Antarctica’s great thaw

Climate change is set to expand Antarctica’s ice-free area, potentially helping native species to flourish but also paving the way for invasive species to gain a foothold.
Water mass enters the ocean from glaciers such as this along the Greenland coast. NASA/JPL-Caltech

Contributions to sea‑level rise have increased by half since 1993, largely because of Greenland’s ice

Greenland’s ice is largely responsible for the accelerating pace of sea-level rise. A new analysis shows that, while Greenland accounted for just 5% of the rise in 1993, that figure rose to 25% by 2014.

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