Articles on Geology

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Lava trails (pictured) from the 2021 Tajogaite eruption in La Palma. Marco Specht/Shutterstock (no reuse)

Why volcanic crystals are black boxes for tracking magma’s journey to the Earth’s surface

By observing the tree-ring-like growth records present in volcanic crystals, geologists are able to track volcanic activity and reconstruct the steps leading up to eruptions.
MP Materials mines and processes rare earth minerals in California, including neodymium-praseodymium oxide used in high-performance magnets. David McNew/Getty Images

How the US gave up its edge to China in processing vital rare earth minerals – and what that’s costing

Today, China controls the vast majority of rare earths processing. That gives it enormous political leverage, and its trade truce with the US involving those minerals expires Nov. 10, 2026.
A massive rockfall in the Himalayas led to a surge of flood water than swept through villages, killing hundreds of people, on Aug. 26, 2026. Prabin Ranabhat/AFP via Getty Images

When a mountain falls: How ice and rock triggered Nepal’s catastrophic flood – and why climate change is raising the risks

A geologist explains how thawing permafrost and melting ice are increasing the risk of destructive floods in the Himalayas and other high mountain regions around the world.
Tree canopy like in this Wyoming forest affects stream flow, the climate and life on land. Elyna Grapstein/BLM

Ancient forests took 100,000 years to recover from the last global warming period similar to today – Wyoming fossils reveal what happened

Understanding what happened in these forests 56 million years ago may help humanity recognize similar thresholds before we cross them again, the lead author of a new study writes.
A June 24, 2026, earthquake shook buildings to the ground, trapping and killing people in Caracas, Venezuela, and nearby communities. Manaure Quintero/AFP via Getty Images

Venezuela’s deadly earthquakes happened on a fault similar to the San Andreas, and the risks aren’t over yet – a geophysicist explains

Both faults are along plate boundaries that move in similar ways and have ruptured in enormously destructive earthquakes in the past.

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