Articles on Biology

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Ecological soil functioning is a dynamic process and molecular screening approaches alone provide limited scope – as they fail to gauge the intensity of the activity within ecosystems. William Edge/Shutterstock

Soil monitoring: what the new EU‑wide ‘ground rules’ have in store for Europe

New EU legislation supporting healthier soils was adopted in December 2025 incorporating environmental DNA analysis which is proving useful but not totally efficient.
Don’t mess with my territory. Male northern parulas sing and get physically aggressive when intruders invade their space. Pranav Gokhale

It’s a sing‑off! Myth‑busting about birds and sex when it comes to defending the nest

Males aren’t the only angry birds defending their territory. A clever test finds which songbirds step up to fight off intruders and the role monogamy plays.
On islands and in mountainous areas, goats introduced for breeding tend to proliferate, which is not without impact on ecosystems. Alessandro Carnevale/Shutterstock

How biological invasions are silently remodelling ecosystems

Invasive alien species don’t only drive out other native species, they also dramatically transform soils, water and ecosystems. A new assessment tool aims to pinpoint the negative environmental impacts.
Most people get acquainted with their appendix when it’s inflamed and about to rupture. Sebastian Kaulitzki/Science Photo Library via Getty Images

What does the appendix do? Biologists explain the complicated evolution of this inconvenient organ

The appendix has independently evolved at least 32 times across 361 mammalian species. What makes it an evolutionary darling when it’s more of a medical liability today?

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