Articles on Reconstruction

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President Grover Cleveland, right, looks down during William McKinley’s presidential inauguration in 1897. Two years earlier, Cleveland’s political party suffered the biggest defeat in U.S. history during the 1894 midterms. Library of Congress via AP

2 midterm elections that brought on new eras in US politics

Two 19th-century elections are a reminder that a sizable midterm shift, like the one expected in November, can signal long-lasting changes in American politics that set the country in a new direction.
The scale of devastation in Gaza is staggering after two years. Palestinians walk through the destruction caused by the Israeli air and ground offensive in Gaza City, Oct. 23, 2025. (AP Photo/Abdel Kareem Hana)

Lasting peace and recovery in Gaza depends on local participation, not just ceasefires

History teaches us that Gaza’s reconstruction will only be successful if its people actively participate in shaping a safe, peaceful and prosperous future for themselves.
A man convicted for his role in the Jan. 6, 2021, insurrection shows off his pardon from President Donald Trump. Tom Williams/CQ-Roll Call, Inc via Getty Images

The US has pardoned insurrectionists twice before – and both times, years of violent racism followed

It’s not yet clear whether Trump’s pardons will herald a period of national harmony – as past presidents hoped for – or more incidents of violence, as actually resulted.
Displaced Palestinians make their way from central Gaza to their homes in the northern Gaza Strip on Jan. 29, 2025. (AP Photo/Abdel Kareem Hana)

Why Trump’s Gaza reconstruction proposal is unlikely to work

Post-war reconstruction must be multi-dimensional and based on a clear understanding of local conditions and careful consultation with the affected people.
There’s a long history in the U.S. of denying the rights, liberties and benefits of democracy to some Americans. rob dobi/Getty Images

60 years of progress in expanding rights is being rolled back by Trump − a pattern that’s all too familiar in US history

Donald Trump’s measures ending government diversity efforts are part of a much broader effort to reverse civil rights gains for all Americans. It’s not the first time such a backlash has happened.
University of Missouri students at a 2015 rally to demand the college president’s resignation amid allegations of racism on campus. AP Photo/Jeff Roberson

Racism is such a touchy topic that many US educators avoid it – we are college professors who tackled that challenge head on

A history course created amid the upheaval of the Black Lives Matter movement invites students to have honest conversations about race. Now in its seventh year, it uses music to build bridges.
Discarded furniture and household items on a street in Beaconsfield, west of Montréal, in the aftermath of the floods on Aug. 9, 2024. Disasters force us to rethink the way we rebuild. The Canadian Press/Graham Hughes

Flooding: Is it time to stop living in basements?

The vast majority of damage to residential buildings during flooding occurs in basements. Rather than rebuilding identically after a disaster, we need to build better.
Donald Trump at a campaign event in Waterloo, Iowa, on Dec. 19, 2023. Kamil Krzaczysnki/AFP via Getty Images

Trump barred from Colorado ballot – now what?

A historian and legal scholar of a key part of the US Constitution explains what happens now that the Colorado Supreme Court has ruled Trump cannot be on the state’s presidential ballots.

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