Articles on Slavery

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In John Magee’s print, Preston Brooks wields a cane against Charles Sumner, who is clutching a pen and a rolled-up speech. John L. Magee, The New York Public Library

When a congressman beat a senator unconscious, America confronted the limits of free speech

The beating of Sen. Charles Sumner in 1856 by Rep. Preston Brooks over a speech against slavery sparked a nationwide debate over free speech, political violence and the relationship between the two.
“Pepper-Pot: A Scene in the Philadelphia Market,” by painter John Lewis Krimmel, 1811. Philadelphia Art Museum: 125th Anniversary Acquisition. Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Edward B. Leisenring, Jr., 2001-196-1

Pepper pot stew was survival food for the poor and a path to freedom for Black women in early Philadelphia

Dina escaped from slavery and sold pepper pot stew on the streets of Philadelphia, while her enslaver tried to recapture her.
Prime Minister Mark Carney greets World Trade Organization Director-General Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala as they arrive to take part in an economic summit at the United Nations General Assembly in September 2025 in New York. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Sean Kilpatrick

Canada’s United Nations abstention on slavery recognition wasn’t neutral — it was a choice

Identifying the transatlantic slave trade as the gravest crime against humanity situates its history within international law.

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