A woman who attended an Indian Day School joins her daughter as they look at the Orange shirts, shoes, flowers and messages on display outside the B.C. legislature in June 2021.
THE CANADIAN PRESS/Chad Hipolito
People must learn more about the history and legacies of residential schools and day schools and understand their relationship to Canada’s colonial project.
In Blood Quantum, Indigenous survivors are immune to a plague that transforms others into zombies.
(Elevation Pictures)
Indigenous stories of survival in fictional post-apocalyptic landscapes draw from actual events and experiences. These stories preserve histories and the possibility of hope.
Rally participants hold up signs and wear orange shirts as they march in support of residential school survivors and the families of missing and murdered Indigenous children in Winnipeg on July 1, 2021.
THE CANADIAN PRESS/Mike Sudoma
A better understanding of what most genocide scholars believe can help people understand how Canada’s Indian Residential School system fits with the definition of genocide.
At the beginning of the 12-day celebration of life ceremony, Elder Wendy Phillips performs a smudge.
(Josh Lyon)
Was participating in ceremony despite pandemic restrictions an act of Indigenous resistance and resurgence and did it reflect reassertion of nationhood and self-determination?
A temporary memorial for Canada’s residential schools is blessed by Indigenous elders in a pipe ceremony in Calgary in August 2021.
THE CANADIAN PRESS/Bill Graveland
Indigenous people and communities are not monolithic. How they react to and deal with tragedy will be different. Acknowledging that will help us all heal.
Native American students at the Carlisle Indian School, circa 1899.
Library of Congress/Corbis Historical Collection/VCG via Getty Images
Ernest Knocks Off was 18 when he arrived at the Carlisle boarding school in 1879. He was one of many young Native people who fought – in his case, to the death – to retain their language and culture.
Team Canada flag-bearers Miranda Ayim and Nathan Hirayama carry the Canadian flag at the opening ceremonies of the Tokyo Olympics.
THE CANADIAN PRESS/Adrian Wyld
How can settler-Canadians cheer for their country at the Tokyo Olympics after the recent discoveries of hundreds of unmarked graves of children who attended Indian Residential Schools?
Firefighters walk past the remains of a Catholic church that was on fire, in Morinville, Alta. in June 2021.
THE CANADIAN PRESS/Jason Franson
Secret burials are the stuff of gothic fiction, but these gothic events actually happened to Indigenous children.
An upside down maple leaf is tucked behind a plaque as people gather on Parliament Hill in Ottawa at a rally to honour the lives lost to residential schools and demand justice for Indigenous peoples, on Canada Day, July 1, 2021.
THE CANADIAN PRESS/Justin Tang
Considering our relationships to stories about the past and looking at learning as a process of encounter can help Canadians to become better treaty partners.
Margot King, age four, touches an orange flag, representing children who died at Indian Residential Schools in Canada, placed in the grass at Major’s Hill Park in Ottawa, on July 1, 2021.
THE CANADIAN PRESS/Justin Tang
Anne Levesque, L’Université d’Ottawa/University of Ottawa
Canadians who wish to pay tribute to the children who died at Indian Residential Schools should demand the government stop fighting First Nations children in court.
Protesters wave a flag at Parliament Hill in Ottawa at a “Cancel Canada Day” protest in response to the discovery of hundreds of unmarked graves at Indian Residential Schools. THE CANADIAN PRESS/ Patrick Doyle
THE CANADIAN PRESS/ Patrick Doyle
People often decry words and call for action after tragic events. But words are action and they’re fundamental to Canadian democracy.
Members of the Tsuut'ina Nation take part in a silent march in memory of the 215 children whose remains were found in Kamloops.
THE CANADIAN PRESS/Jeff McIntosh
Acts of genocide were strategically implemented by church and the Canadian government to remove Indigenous people from their land and, in turn, their culture.
Handprints are seen on the side of a truck riding in a convoy of truckers and other vehicles in support of the Tk'emlups te Secwepemc people after the remains of 215 children were discovered buried near the former Kamloops Indian Residential School, in Kamloops, B.C..
THE CANADIAN PRESS/Darryl Dyck
Ending the Canadian genocide of Indigenous peoples is a legal obligation, requiring honest, active decolonization. The lawyer who wrote the MMIWG’s inquiry’s legal analysis of genocide explains.
Two young children sit next to shoes left in front of a statue of Egerton Ryerson, who was instrumental in the design and implementation of the Indian Residential School System.
THE CANADIAN PRESS/Chris Young
An Indigenous lawyer makes the case that what happened to Indigenous children who went to residential schools is genocide and the case should be tried by the International Criminal Court.
People embrace in front of the Centennial Flame on Parliament Hill at a memorial for the 215 children whose remains were found at the grounds of the former Kamloops Indian Residential School.
THE CANADIAN PRESS/Justin Tang
A commitment to eliminating racism must be reflected in accountability mechanisms that focus on the impacts of coordinated and consistent anti-racist action.
A person lays shoes on the steps of city hall in Kingston, Ont., at a memorial for the 215 children whose remains were recently discovered on the grounds of the former Kamloops Indian Residential School.
THE CANADIAN PRESS/Lars Hagberg
Canadians need to understand the basic harms and violences that continue to be experienced by Indigenous people across the land we call Canada.
People across Canada, including this scene in Edmonton, have left shoes and candles at public displays in recognition of the discovery of children’s remains at the site of a former residential school in Kamloops, B.C.
THE CANADIAN PRESS/Jason Franson
Ground-penetrating radar located the remains of 215 First Nations children in a mass unmarked grave, revealing a macabre part of Canada’s hidden history.
Students of the Metlakatla Indian Residential School, B.C.
(William James Topley. Library and Archives Canada, C-015037)
The destruction of IAP residential school records and media reports that continually emphasize compensation will ensure that if remembered, the process will be remembered through a colonial gaze.
Former Gov. Gen. Julie Payette invests Jeanette Corbiere Lavell, from Wikwemikong First Nation, Ont., as a Member of the Order of Canada outside Rideau Hall in Ottawa in September 2018.
THE CANADIAN PRESS/Adrian Wyld
Canada’s new governor general will have to fuse the British, French, American and Indigenous elements of Canada that together are the core of the country.
Assistant Professor, Teaching Stream; June Callwood Professor of Social Justice; Special Advisor on Indigenous Initiatives, Victoria University, University of Toronto
Adjunct Professor, Stout Research Centre, Victoria University of Wellington and Auckland University of Technology, Professor of Political Science, Charles Sturt University