Articles on RNA

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Two hurdles mRNA drugs face are a short half-life and impurities that trigger immune responses. Christoph Burgstedt/Science Photo Library via Getty Images

First mRNA flu shot approved by FDA bodes well for improving drugs of the future – though a few hurdles remain before mRNA can move beyond vaccines

From COVID-19 vaccines to Moderna’s mRNA flu vaccine, using mRNA as medicine has shown promise. But before mRNA drugs can go beyond vaccines, researchers need to identify the right diseases to treat.
There is still a great deal unknown about RNA and its modifications. Christoph Burgstedt/Science Photo Library via Getty Images

RNA is key to the dark matter of the genome − scientists are sequencing it to illuminate human health and disease

Researchers are embarking on the RNA equivalent of the Human Genome Project, including sequencing all the chemical modifications that make cells unique.
How did early cells keep themselves distinct while allowing for some amount of exchange? UChicago Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering/Peter Allen, Second Bay Studios

Rain may have helped form the first cells, kick‑starting life as we know it

The earliest cells likely didn’t have membranes to separate and protect their components and chemistry away from a harsh surrounding environment. But they may have made do with rain.
RNA is more than just a transitional state between DNA and protein. Christoph Burgstedt/Science Photo Library via Getty Images

MicroRNA is the Nobel‑winning master regulator of the genome – researchers are learning to treat disease by harnessing how it controls genes

Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun won the 2024 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for their discovery of microRNAs, molecules that turn genes on and off – and cause disease when they go awry.
A family living through the Bengal famine, a time when three million people died due to starvation,1943. (Wikimedia Commons)

Colonialists used starvation as a tool of oppression

For centuries, colonial powers have used starvation as a tool to control Indigenous populations and take over their land and wealth. A look back at two historic examples on two different continents.

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