The use of chemical weapons has been outlawed for nearly a century.
Articles on Rapid Support Forces (RSF)
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A new peace initiative has put the future of Sudan’s Islamist movement at the centre of post-war politics.
Sudan is one of the most dangerous places in the world to deliver humanitarian assistance. It is also home to one of the most chronically underfunded.
We look at Sudan’s long history of civilian-led resistance, and how community networks and youth movements are laying the foundations for re-establishing peaceful rule in a country marked by deep political fragmentation.
Armed actors in fragile contexts typically engage in sectors where they can quickly extract profits.
The latest effort shows potential for a temporary humanitarian pause rather than a lasting political settlement.
Since fighting broke out in April 2023, some 150,000 people have been killed in Sudan and an estimated 13.5 million displaced.
Sudan’s neighbourhood committees represent a unique blend of political and practical action. They mobilise for change while addressing immediate community needs.
After rebel fighters captured a major city in Darfur last week, alarming reports emerged of massacres and sexual violence targeting the region’s Black population.
As fighting escalates in Sudan, the latest peace efforts seem unlikely to achieve more than a fragile ceasefire.
Egypt has hosted more Sudanese refugees than any other country since the start of the 2023 civil war.
The creation of a parallel government risks cementing a permanent division of Sudan.
International involvement must be limited to building up Sudan’s capacity to solve its governance problems.
Addis Ababa’s willingness to work with regional rivals in the Middle East shows its practical approach to foreign relations.
The longer the Sudan war drags on, the higher the risk of fragmentation – turning one conflict into many.
Conflicts that have riven Sudan for decades have prompted some observers to predict the country will fall apart. But signs of popular resilience are emerging.
Sudan’s war has triggered a massive displacement crisis, with more than 14 million people forced to flee their homes.
Tens of thousands of Sudanese have died during the 3-year conflict, with more than 14 million displaced.
Sudan’s conflict didn’t break out because of the UAE and Saudi Arabia – but local actors felt able to go to war because of external support.
The Sudanese army is tapping into nationalist and xenophobic sentiments to gain domestic support and distract attention from its actions and failures.
Top contributors
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Researcher, Helwan University
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Senior Lecturer in International Law, The University of Western Australia
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Professor, Weber State University
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Senior Research Fellow and Program Leader for the Sudan Strategy Support Program, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
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Associate Professor of Urban & Environmental Design, University of Khartoum
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Researcher and lecturer, City University of New York
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Researcher at the Austrian Institute for International Affairs, Österreichisches Institut für Internationale Politik (OIIP)
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Professor of History, Durham University
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Professor of Architecture and SARChI: DST/NRF/SACN Research Chair in Spatial Transformation (Positive Change in the Built Environment), Tshwane University of Technology
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Associate Professor of History, University of Washington
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Research Professor and Executive Director of the World Peace Foundation at The Fletcher School, Tufts University
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Research Fellow, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
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Associate Professor of International Relations, University of Trieste
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Senior Researcher and Coordinator of the Small Arms Survey's Human Security Baseline Assessment project on Sudan and South Sudan, Graduate Institute – Institut de hautes études internationales et du développement (IHEID)
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Senior Research Scholar at the Center on Global Energy Policy, Columbia University