Articles on Medieval

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God creates the Moon and Sun in Guyart des Moulins’s Bible historiale (c.1420). British Library, Additional 18856, f. 5v. British Library Catalogue of Illuminated Manuscripts

For medieval people, the Moon was both a riddle and a blessing

As a symbol, the Moon did not have an easily decipherable meaning – which encouraged medieval people to read it in playful ways.
Illumination of Saint James the Apostle in the Salamanca copy of the Liber Sancti Jacobi from the Codex Calixtinus. Spanish Ministry of Culture

Pilgrims, or posers? How medieval satire exposed people who lied about their travels to Rome and the Holy Land

Many people exaggerate their experiences of travel and pilgrimage, but such fabrications date back to the Middle Ages.
The Celtic festival of Samhain celebrates a time of year when the division between Earth and the otherworld collapses, allowing spirits to pass through. Matt Cardy/Getty Images

The ancient Irish get far too much credit for Halloween

Folklorists created a through line from the Celtic pagan festival of Samhain to Halloween. But the Halloween we know today has more to do with the English, a 9th century pope and American consumerism.

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