Articles on Franklin Delano Roosevelt

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President Donald Trump boards Air Force One at Geneva Airport on June 17, 2026. Martial Trezzini/Keystone/Pool via AP

Trump doesn’t own the government – even though he acts as if Congress is not his equal in constitutional power and authority

In President Donald Trump’s public language, Congress rarely appears as a coequal branch of government. It appears as an obstacle, an audience, a pressure point, a rubber stamp or an afterthought.
Greenland’s cryolite mine, essential for U.S. airplane production, was below sea level and vulnerable to Nazi sabotage. Reginald Wilcox, ca. 1941. Peary–MacMillan Arctic Museum, Bowdoin College

In World War II’s dog‑eat‑dog struggle for resources, a Greenland mine launched a new world order

Strategic resources have been central to the American-led global system for decades, as a historian explains. But US actions toward Greenland today are different.
Japanese Americans incarcerated at Heart Mountain concentration camp in Wyoming took art classes at the craft shop, using what they could find. Tom Parker, War Relocation Authority, Department of the Interior, via National Archives and Records Administration

Held captive in their own country during World War II, Japanese Americans used nature to cope with their unjustified imprisonment

Incarcerated in rough barracks surrounded by barbed wire and armed soldiers, Japanese Americans made functional and beautiful items to ease their suffering.
In a 2024 exhibition game at Manzanar, players – many of them descendants of internment camp detainees – donned custom 1940s-style uniforms. Aaron Rapoport

Baseball returns to a Japanese American detention camp after a historic ball field was restored

80 years after Japanese Americans were imprisoned at the Manzanar Relocation Center, descendants are returning to play the sport that gave prisoners hope and a sense of normalcy.
President Donald Trump is seen on a monitor in the White House press briefing room on June 21, 2025, after the U.S. military strike on three sites in Iran. AP Photo/Alex Brandon

Presidents of both parties have launched military action without Congress declaring war − Trump’s bombing of Iran is just the latest

Against the backdrop of US attacks on Iranian nuclear sites, a scholar of presidential powers examines the history and current use of the laws around US military action.
President Donald Trump’s various actions that appear to overstep the power of the executive office are creating what many legal scholars call a constitutional crisis. VladSt/DigitalVision Vectors via Getty Images

What’s a constitutional crisis? Here’s how Trump’s recent moves are challenging the Constitution’s separation of powers

Legal experts are concerned that President Donald Trump is expanding executive powers beyond the law – creating what they call a constitutional crisis.
There has long been a tug-of-war over White House plans to make government more liberal or more conservative. Douglas Rissing/iStock / Getty Images Plus

Trump’s Project 2025 agenda caps decades‑long resistance to 20th century progressive reform

Presidents often come into office with a blueprint to transform government. Project 2025 – assembled by Trump allies – is part of a lineage of conservative reactions to liberal presidents’ plans.
The Aochi family in the Rohwer, Arkansas, detention camp. Photo courtesy of June Aochi Berk

Righting a wrong, name by name − the Irei monument honors Japanese Americans imprisoned by the US government during World War II

The US government locked up nearly 126,000 Japanese Americans from 1942 to 1945, but never kept comprehensive records of all the people subjected to this unjustified incarceration.
Secretary of State Marco Rubio, right, meets with El Salvadorian President Nayib Bukele in El Congo, El Salvador, on Feb. 3, 2025. Mark Schiefelbein/Pool AP/AFP via Getty Images

Trump wants to use the Alien Enemies Act to deport immigrants – but the 18th‑century law has been invoked only during times of war

The Alien Enemies Act, first approved in the late 1700s, was last used during World War II to identify particular foreign nationals living in the US.
Donald Trump at an election night celebration early on Nov. 6, 2024, when he claimed “an unprecedented and powerful mandate” from voters. Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images

Presidents often claim mandates − especially when they want to expand their power or are on the defensive

Donald Trump claims the 2024 election gave him a mandate. Scholars who study the presidency are skeptical about the entire concept of a mandate. That hasn’t stopped many presidents from claiming one.
The term ‘lame duck’ has been around for hundreds of years, often referring to a person whose ability to exercise authority is limited for some reason. Planet Flem/DigitalVision Vectors via Getty Images

The election is over − but what is a ‘lame duck’ anyway?

The lame-duck period in the US is longer than in other Western democracies, which tend to make the transition over a period of just days.

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