Articles on European history

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The first verses of the Gospel of John, from a facsimile edition of William Tyndale’s 1525 English translation of the New Testament. Kevin Rawlings/Flickr via Wikimedia Commons

500 years ago, the first New Testament in English was published – and stirred up a hornet’s nest

William Tyndale’s translation, published in 1526, was based on a then-radical idea: Anyone should be able to read the Bible in their own language.
The Schuman Plan in 1950 marked the beginning of European cooperation, laying the foundations for the EU as we know it today. Europe’s many milestones, such as the establishment of the European Economic Community, its expansion, and the adoption of the euro are the focus of the Historical Archives of the European Union which bears witness to Europe’s integration and construction and the institutions and pioneers behind them. George Khelashvili/Shutterstock

From Schuman's post‑war declaration to the EU today, the Historical Archives unpack how Europe came together

The construction of Europe after WWII sought to promote political and economic cooperation among European nations. The Historical Archives of the European Union in Florence are a testimony to this.
Furniture confiscated from Jewish homes is delivered to other people in Boulogne-Billancourt, Paris in April 1942, after an Allied bombing. Art Media/Print Collector/Getty Images

Holocaust survivors in France came home to stolen apartments, looted furniture and bureaucratic hurdles

Laws put in place after the war aimed to return stolen belongings and offer war damages to victims. In reality, many Jewish families faced lengthy waits and legal hurdles.
A sculpture by Ingeborg Hunzinger commemorates the Rosenstrasse protest in Berlin. NikiSublime/Flickr via Wikimedia Commons

Women of the Rosenstrasse protest challenged the Nazi regime for their detained Jewish husbands’ freedom – and won

Couples in interfaith marriages came under intense pressure in Nazi Germany. But women’s protests in February 1943 may have helped save their husbands.
Trenčín in Slovakia (pictured here with its castle on a hill), and Finland’s main port city Oulu jointly carry the 2026 European Capital of Culture crown.

European Capitals of Culture: a diplomatic linchpin in an unstable world?

In a geopolitical landscape that is more and more fragmented, the European Capitals of Culture initiative and its evolving role in fostering diplomacy and unity are up for debate.
A 1943 post office identification card for Annelies Herz, a German Jewish woman who managed to survive by posing as a Christian woman with the last name ‘Stein.’ From the Collection of the Museum of Jewish Heritage – A Living Memorial to the Holocaust. Gift of Annelies and Helmut Herz, 393.89.

For some Jewish women, ‘passing’ as Christian during the Holocaust could mean survival – but left scars all the same

Some women adopted non-Jewish identities to support the resistance. For most, though, it was simply a strategy for survival – one with constant risk of exposure and execution.

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