Articles on abolitionism

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In John Magee’s print, Preston Brooks wields a cane against Charles Sumner, who is clutching a pen and a rolled-up speech. John L. Magee, The New York Public Library

When a congressman beat a senator unconscious, America confronted the limits of free speech

The beating of Sen. Charles Sumner in 1856 by Rep. Preston Brooks over a speech against slavery sparked a nationwide debate over free speech, political violence and the relationship between the two.
John Hancock, like many American men and women of his generation, transformed the new nation’s charitable activities. Universal History Archive/UIG via Getty images

How America’s independence from England revolutionized US philanthropy

US charitable institutions rapidly changed in the 1780s as Americans established groups to support people in need and to reform society.
An image from Harper’s Weekly depicts the ‘Grand procession of Wide-Awakes at New York on the evening of October 3, 1860.’ Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division

How a newspaper revolution sparked protesters and influencers, disinformation and the Civil War

The most politically divided time in US democracy coincided with a boom in new communications technologies, confrontational political influencers and widespread disinformation. It wasn’t 2024.
Robert Badinter sits at the National Assembly on 17 September 1981, during the examination of his bill on the abolition of the death penalty. The death penalty was abolished in France on 9 October 1981. Dominique Faget/AFP.

Who was Robert Badinter, the most important Frenchman of whom you never heard?

The death in February of the man who abolished the death penalty inspired a national homage in France. Yet, Robert Badinter remains little known outside of the country.
A trade card with printed black type for the domestic slave traders Hill, Ware and Chrisp. Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture

The brutal trade in enslaved people within the US has been largely whitewashed out of history

By the time slavery ended, over 1 million enslaved people had been forcibly moved in the domestic slave trade across state lines. Hundreds of thousands more were bought and sold within states.
An abolitionist lithograph of the slave trade in Washington, D.C., with the U.S. Capitol in the background. Library of Congress

White mobs rioted in Washington in 1848 to defend slaveholders’ rights after 76 Black enslaved people staged an unsuccessful mass escape on a boat

Riots by proslavery forces raged for three days in the nation’s capital after the capture of a ship bearing fugitive enslaved people. The president, a slaveowner himself, tried to calm the city.
Abolitionist John Brown, left, and President Abraham Lincoln, right, were both moral crusaders. Hulton Archive/Getty Images & Stock Montage/Getty Images

John Brown was a violent crusader, but he blazed a moral path that the cautious Lincoln followed to end slavery

President Lincoln was a statesman. John Brown was a radical. That’s the traditional view of how each one fought slavery, but it fails to capture the full measure of their devotion.

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