Articles on Turkey

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Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan speaks during a media conference at the NATO summit in Ankara, Turkey, in July 2026. (AP Photo/Emrah Gurel)

From east to west: Why Turkey is playing both sides

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan doesn’t want others defining Turkey’s choices. He’s seeking a better position within an existing world order and recognition that Turkey is entitled to forge its own path.
Comparing different sources, evaluating information… these reading comprehension skills are exactly what’s needed in an information-saturated world. Shutterstock France (no reuse)

PISA 2025 rankings: are we asking the right questions about schooling?

Are education systems succeeding in transforming individual abilities into collective opportunities? This is what rankings ought to be measuring rather than reducing education to a few figures.
From left, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman and Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif sign a trilateral defence agreement in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, on Aug. 7, 2026. (Saudi Press Agency via AP) (Saudi Press Agency via AP)

A new ‘NATO of the East?’ Why the Mecca pact isn’t quite what it seems

The Mecca agreeement is best understood as a form of strategic insurance for three governments seeking greater protection and political influence beyond traditional American guarantees.
ECAs could be a driving force in the move towards decarbonisation. RaffMaster / Shutterstock

The hidden role of export credit in the energy transition

Amid the ongoing energy crisis, climate economics experts assess how much export credit agencies are actually driving the shift to lower-carbon as they focus financing on green energy.
Nigeria Navy officers at the induction of acquired warships and locally built Seaward Defence Boat in Lagos, 2021. Pius Utomi Ekpei/AFP via Getty Images

Africa’s militaries have always relied on imported weapons: why a shift to homegrown defence is now under way

Across Africa, governments are finding ways to reduce dependence on foreign arms suppliers and building capabilities they can control, maintain and adapt.

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