Articles on François Hollande

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France’s national debt has continued to grow over the last 30 years: from €663.5 billion in 1995 under then president Jacques Chirac (not pictured) to €3,345.4 billion in the second half of 2025 under current President Emmanuel Macron. Yoan Valat/Pool/AFP

French national debt under presidents Chirac, Sarkozy, Hollande and Macron: a look at the numbers

France’s government backs a budget aimed at cutting the national debt, but it may lack enough support in parliament. An economist looks at factors behind the debt’s recent climb.
French president Emmanuel Macron and his wife Brigitte after a meeting with the Romanian president at the Elysee presidential palace (November 27, 2018). Bertrand Gauy/AFP

The 60th anniversary of France’s Fifth Republic: Out of breath?

With some “Gilet jaune” protestors calling for the removal of Emmanuel Macron, the French constitution is being criticized anew for concentrating too much power in the hands of the president.
Benôit Hamon casts his vote in Trappes, France on April 23. Julien de Rosa/EPA

What happened to the French Socialist Party?

With just 6% of the vote, the French socialist party of outgoing president François Hollande came a distant fifth in the French election.
‘Rapist, killer cops’: protesters march in Paris’s 18th arrondisement. Christian Hartmann/Reuters

Police and French youth: A long and brutal history

Governments’ continual use of security forces to ‘keep order’ in low-income and minority neighborhoods masks their inability find solutions other than force.

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