Andrea Mantegna, Minerva (Athena) expelling Vices from the Garden of Virtue, from the Studiolo of Isabella d'Este, Palazzo Ducale, Mantua (c. 1499–1502). Louvre Museum/Wikimedia Commons

Influence, authority and power: how elite women played a crucial role in the Italian Wars of the 16th century

Women’s participation in warfare is not a recent phenomenon. Women played many roles in the Italian Wars, which engulfed Europe between 1494 and 1559.
C'est au tournant du XXe siècle qu'a émergé la littérature pour enfants telle qu'on la connaît, faisant la part belle à l'imaginaire. DarkWorkX from Pixabay

À quoi les premiers livres pour enfants ressemblaient‑ils ?

Cela fait des siècles que les adultes écrivent pour les enfants. Mais les ouvrages qui leur étaient alors destinés étaient bien différents de ceux que l’on connaît aujourd’hui.
Leonardo da Vinci, Study of Two Warriors Heads for the Battle of Anghiari, c. 1504-5. Black chalk or charcoal, some traces of red chalk on paper. Google Art Project. Wikimedia Commons.

How Leonardo da Vinci made a living from killing machines

Leonardo’s professional life reveals his genius for creating technologies of destruction.
Leonardo da Vinci, Landscape drawing for Santa Maria della Neve on 5th August 1473. Wikimedia commons

Leonardo da Vinci revisited: was he an environmentalist ahead of his time?

His exquisite drawings suggest a particular depth of feeling for the natural world and he was attuned to the emotions of animals. Yet it seems that preservation of nature was not on Leonardo’s mind.
A crowd of people moving at different rates is a form of turbulence. from www.shutterstock.com

Turbulence isn’t just a science problem

You might be familiar with turbulence as you experience it on a plane, or as scholars describe combustible forces of social change. But understanding how it operates is far more complex.
Luther’s act quickly came to be seen as the foundation of the Reformation, as shown in this centenary broadside, Göttlicher Schrifftmessiger, 1617. Jfhutson, Wikipedia

Revisiting the Reformation: how passions sparked a religious revolution 500 years ago

Greed, guilt, fear, anger and love gave power to a spiritual movement that was catalysed 500 years ago this week.
Spinning, Warping and Weaving the Wool (1594-1596) by Isaac Claesz. van Swanenburg. By permission of the Museum De Lakenhal, Leiden

The fragility of women’s rights: how female guilds wielded power long ago

In 15th and 16th century France, two female textile guilds - comprised of single women and wives working independently of their husbands - wielded great power. By the end of the 18th century, they had been dismantled.
Louis XIV (played by George Blagden) cavorts with a young nymph (Alexia Giordano) in Versailles. Capa Drama

Fornication, fluids and faeces: the intimate life of the French court

TV shows such as Versailles and Reign dwell on sex. But the French royals were preoccupied with life’s intimate moments, from bodily emissions to the crowds that gathered to watch the queen give birth.
Dutch and French Huguenot refugees were the targets of fear and restrictions in 16th-century England – not unlike those who seek asylum in Australia. AAP Image/Jon Faulkner

The asylum seekers who frightened Elizabethan England

Would you be pleased to find a nation of such barbarous temper that, breaking out in hideous violence, would not afford you an abode on earth … What would you think to be thus used? This is the strangers…
Politicians such as Cory Bernardi hold strong views on the family – but where does the idea of the natural family unit come from? AAP Image/Alan Porritt

The science of the ‘natural’ family unit

It’s no secret that South Australian senator Cory Bernardi is a fan of what he calls “traditional family structures”. His views are back in the news this week with the release of his latest book, The Conservative…
What does the colour of carrots have to do with the history of The Netherlands? niznoz

Explainer: why are carrots orange?

Why are carrots orange? They were bred orange in The Netherlands during the 17th century from the older white and purple stock (that are now back in fashion as “heritage” varieties) to show support for…
Unrealistic expectations raised early explorers’ hopes beyond all possibility. Larry W. Lo

Australians might speak Dutch if not for strong emotions

How did Australia, the mysterious southern continent that had captured European imaginations since ancient times, slip from the grasp of the Dutch? Four hundred years ago, the Dutch East India Company…

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