Scott L. Montgomery

The U.S. stores its strategic oil reserves in subterranean salt caverns along the Gulf Coast, like this one in West Hackberry, Louisiana, photographed on June 1, 1980. Robert Nickelsberg/Hulton Archive via Getty Images

How and where the world’s 2 billion barrels of strategic oil reserves are stockpiled

Geologist Scott Montgomery tells The Conversation Weekly podcast how strategic oil reserves work and why the U.S. keeps oil in underground salt caverns.
A dragline excavator mines rare earth materials in the Zhytomyr region of Ukraine on Feb. 25, 2025. Kostiantyn Liberov/Libkos/Getty Images

US, Ukraine sign ‘economic partnership’ centered on Ukraine’s wealth of critical minerals – but extracting them isn’t so simple

Critical minerals are in demand around the world for military, technology and other uses. A geoscientist shares what’s known about Ukraine’s reserves, which could help the country recover from war.
Several sites, such as this one near Freeport, Texas, store the hundreds of million of barrels in the United States’ Strategic Petroleum Reserve. Department of Energy via AP

Biden bets a million barrels a day will drive down soaring gas prices – what you need to know about the Strategic Petroleum Reserve

The total release could reach 180 million barrels over six months, which would make it the biggest in the history of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.
A woman holds a blood-stained portrait of Russian President Vladimir Putin at a protest at the Russian Consulate in Montreal on Feb. 25, 2022. Andrej Ivanov /AFP via Getty Images

War in Ukraine is changing energy geopolitics

Russian President Vladimir Putin has used his country’s massive energy reserves effectively for political influence. But with war in Ukraine, nations are looking for ways to cut those ties.
Afghanistan has mineral resources that include precious gems and minerals such as copper and rare earth elements. Majid Saeedi/Getty Images

Afghanistan has vast mineral wealth but faces steep challenges to tap it

Afghanistan has vast mineral resources that have long attracted interest from outside countries, but a lack of infrastructure and political instability means they’re unlikely to aid its economy now.
The attack on the Abqaiq oil facilities in Saudi Arabia has sparked geopolitical tensions but has had only a minor impact on oil prices. Hamad I Mohammed/Reuters

Attacks on Saudi oil – why didn’t prices go crazy?

Energy-wise, the fallout from the attack on Saudi oil facilities has so far been very muted. The surge in oil production in the US over the past decade helps explain why.
Protesters at a hearing on President Donald Trump’s plan to allow offshore oil and gas drilling along most of the nation’s coastline, Feb. 14, 2018 in Hamilton, N.J. AP Photo/Wayne Parry

Trump offshore drilling plan may be dead in the water, but there are better ways to lead on energy

The Trump administration plan to expand offshore oil and gas production along US coastlines faces serious roadblocks. But there are smarter ways to pursue ‘energy dominance.’
NuScale Power aims to build the nation’s first advanced small modular reactor. U.S. Department of Energy

The nuclear industry is making a big bet on small power plants

Advanced small modular reactors, known as SMRs, will probably have many advantages over older technology. But it’s not yet known how they will stack up against other sources of electricity.
The coils winding facility building in France, where a global effort to build the ITER fusion energy reactor is underway. Rob Crandall/Shutterstock.com

Why nuclear fusion is gaining steam – again

As fusion becomes more technically viable, it’s time to assess whether it’s worth the money because breakthroughs in the lab don’t guarantee success in the marketplace.
The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is home to a great diversity of wildlife – one reason environmentalists oppose oil and gas drilling. US Fish and Wildlife Service

Why Americans will never agree on oil drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge

Alaska and oil proponents are cheering a move to open up an ecologically sensitive part of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to drilling – a position environment supporters can’t abide.

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