Reading and writing have lost their primacy in our post-literate society, and yet PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) tests reading skills for a world in which those skills are no longer valued.
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Understanding the technological shift from a literary to a post-literary society is crucial for rethinking AI’s place in learning environments.
According to the European Commission’s Report on the state of the Digital Decade 2023, “the EU relies on foreign countries for over 80% of digital products”. In this photo, Anne Le Henanff (R), France’s minister delegate for artificial intelligence, addresses a press conference along with Karsten Wildberger (L), Germany’s minister for digitalisation and state modernisation, at the Summit on European Digital Sovereignty in Berlin on November 18, 2025.
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