Edward Thomas Jones

  • Senior Lecturer in Economics / Director of the Institute of European Finance, Bangor University
A halfpenny token issued by the Parys Mining Company of Anglesey in 1788. The hooded druid design was used for many years and was the first of hundreds of token designs. BrandonBigheart/Wikimedia

Welsh mining towns had alternative currencies 200 years ago – here’s what the crypto world could learn from them

A Welsh mining company was the first to issue tokens to workers as an alternative form of payment.
What’s in the box? Guy Corbishley/Alamy

Autumn budget 2021: experts react

Sunak talked about a new age of optimism, but it doesn’t feel like that for many people.

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