Bruce Y. Lee – The Conversation

Losses in workplace productivity account for more than 90% of the estimate. aire images/Moment via Getty Images

May 21, 2026

Long COVID will cost the US an estimated $8 billion over just 3 years due to healthcare burden, managing symptoms and loss to the workforce

Bruce Y. Lee, City University of New York and Hannah Dimmick, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Public Policy

The US lacks the capacity to treat long COVID, and HHS defunding is taking the country further away from being able to handle the country’s growing number of long COVID cases.

Billions of people are going to need a coronavirus vaccine and that demand is going to be hard to meet. Francesco Carta fotografo/Moment via Getty Images

August 24, 2020

Approval of a coronavirus vaccine would be just the beginning – huge production challenges could cause long delays

Bruce Y. Lee, City University of New York

Once a coronavirus vaccine is approved, billions of doses need to be manufactured. Current vaccine production is nowhere near ready, for a variety of reasons, but planning now could help.

Gopixa vía Getty Images

July 16, 2020

COVID‑19: ¿cómo de eficaz debe ser la vacuna para frenar la pandemia?

Bruce Y. Lee, City University of New York

Una vacuna con un 70% de efectividad podría no ser lo suficientemente eficaz si muy pocas personas están dispuestas a ser vacunadas, según muestran las nuevas investigaciones.

The lower the vaccine’s effectiveness, the more likely social distancing in some form may still be necessary. Gopixa via Getty Images

July 15, 2020

How effective does a COVID‑19 coronavirus vaccine need to be to stop the pandemic? A new study has answers

Bruce Y. Lee, City University of New York

A vaccine that’s 70% effective might not be good enough if too few people are willing to be vaccinated, new research shows.

As larger percentages of the U.S. population become infected, a study shows how direct medical expenses for treating COVID-19 will rise. Those costs will come back to everyone. Scott Eisen/Getty Images

May 4, 2020

Coronavirus medical costs could soar into hundreds of billions as more Americans become infected

Bruce Y. Lee, City University of New York

Reopening state economies too soon risks a second wave of the pandemic, and a surge in medical costs. Anyone who pays insurance premiums and taxes will be picking up the tab.

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