From communications outages to a brush with nuclear war, solar events like flares and coronal mass ejections have shaped human history.
A map prepared by the Defense Department in 1962 shows potential ranges of Soviet ballistic missiles from Cuba.
Department of Defense Cuban Missile Crisis briefing materials/John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum
A common US-centric narrative holds that the Cuban missile crisis ended when Washington stood firm against the Soviets. But that story ignores a whole continent.
Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth watches a Navy F/A-18 Hornet fighter jet flyover at the Pentagon on Sept. 19, 2025, in Washington.
AP Photo/Julia Demaree Nikhinson
As hundreds of military brass descend on a base in Virginia to be addressed by Pete Hegseth, his newly bestowed title is ‘Secretary of War.’ That means something.
Finland’s president, Alexander Stubb, told Trump and European leaders: ‘We found a solution in 1944, and I’m sure that we’ll be able to find a solution in 2025 to end Russia’s war of aggression’.
Toms Kalnins / EPA
One of the largest earthquakes on record struck far eastern Russia this week. The last time the region was hit by a such a huge quake, the Soviets hushed it up.
Supporters of the Georgian opposition take part in a protest near the Georgian parliament building in Tbilisi, Georgia, in December 2024.
DAVID MDZINARISHVILI/EPA
Increasing defence spending risks strategic blunders and wasteful investment.
People walk in front of the newly erected statue of Joseph Stalin at the Taganskaya metro station in Moscow, Russia, in May 2025.
Maxim Shipenkov / EPA
In the Soviet Union, some clever people realized that X-ray film was just soft enough to be etched by a sound recording device.
Michelle Mengsu Chang/Toronto Star via Getty Images
Zoos aren’t woke, but they aren’t politically neutral, either.
The Chinese president, Xi Jinping, and his Russian and Uzbek counterparts, Vladimir Putin and Shavkat Mirziyoyev, at the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation summit in Uzbekistan in September 2022.
Sergei Bobylev / Sputnik / Kremlin Pool
China is developing closer ties with countries in central Asia.
Russian President Vladimir Putin has draped himself in old-fashioned, medieval conceptions of Russian history to add symbolic weight to his authoritarian government.
AP Photo/Alexander Zemlianichenko
A new textbook soon to be taught in Russian schools leans on the works of a 16th-century monk. It fits a pattern of ‘political neomedievalism’ by the Kremlin.
A monument to Bohdan Khmelnytskyi, a central figure in Ukrainian history, in front of St Sofia Cathedral, Kyiv.
AAP
Russia’s war on Ukraine continues, despite US attempts to broker a ceasefire. Russia has repurposed history to build its power since the 1500s – that continues, too.
Columbia University has been in the crosshairs of the Trump administration.
Rudi Von Briel/Photodisc via Getty Images
Before the Nazis, German universities were among the best in the world. Step by step, the universities gave up their independence until they were instruments of the state.
Nato secretary-general Mark Rutte meets Donald Trump in March 2025, as US support for Nato comes under discussion.
White House Photo/Alamy
European members of Nato are scrambling to find a solution to the problem of the US wanting to be less involved.
Russians on a military vehicle try to block its advance near the Red Square in Moscow in August 1991. The coup that briefly ousted Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev collapsed in three days, precipitating the breakup of the Soviet Union that the coup plotters said they were trying to prevent.
(AP Photo/Boris Yurchenko, File)