Created as an art of resistance by Black artists in the U.S., hip-hop culture has inspired global struggles and youth culture across the world, including in Canada.
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Rap songs from Public Enemy and Ludacris have been heard at marches over the killing of George Floyd. But the history of Black American music as a form of protest dates back to the 19th century.
The stigma attached to HIV and AIDS, particularly in hip hop culture, is rife. The disease is represented poorly and often factually incorrect through lyrics.
Following the explosion of screen-based personal devices, the risk of users slipping into hyper reality has multiplied enormously since the television age.
In 1985 The Junkyard Band shifted the paradigm by challenging Reaganomics. Many of those same key issues still rage on today, across the world.
Rap has become instrumental in constructing identity and radically reshaping relations to politics in Gabon and other African states.
Bootlegs will continue to be manufactured.
The future of the bootleg might just reinvent the official release.
With #BlackLivesMatter and a never-ending list of African Americans being killed by police, the film ‘Do The Right Thing’ is even more relevant now than when it was released 27 years ago.
Top contributors
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Research Lead at Rhythm Obscura / Lecturer in the School of Art, Design and Architecture, University of Plymouth
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Lecturer in Film and Media Studies, University of Cape Town
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Assistant professor in Anthropology, University of Neuchâtel
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PhD Candidate, Sociology, York University, Canada
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Associate Professor of History, University of Arizona