Articles on Hafez al-Assad

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Trust between Iran and the United States was shattered long ago. Sean Gladwell, Moment/Getty Images

47 years of deep mistrust and misperception paved the way to war between Iran and the US − and complicate any negotiations

The war that began Feb. 28 hews to a familiar, dangerous pattern, writes an Iran expert, from deep, historical mistrust and incompatible strategic interests to miscommunication and misperception.
Syrian army special forces in 2005, wearing pictures of their president, Bashar Assad, his father, Hafez, and brother, Basil, on their uniform, stand guard at a Lebanese military air base. Patrick Baz/AFP via Getty Images

What happens when leaders have loyalists in charge of men with guns: Lessons for the US from Nicaragua, Syria and other authoritarian countries

Donald Trump’s moves to install loyalists in US security agencies and the military echo the actions of strongmen worldwide who prioritize personal loyalty over competence and respect for the law.
Syrian Christians at the Mariamiya Greek Orthodox Church in old Damascus on Dec. 15, 2024, attend Sunday Mass for the first time since Syrian President Bashar Assad’s ouster. AP Photo/Hussein Malla

Why Syria’s reconstruction may depend on the fate of its minorities

The fall of the Assad regime marks a turning point in Syria’s history. But it also opens a ‘chapter fraught with peril’ for the country’s minorities, an expert on religious minorities writes.

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