Articles on armed struggle

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A Free Aceh Movement flag, right, flies alongside the Indonesian national flag during a rally outside the Baiturrahman Grand Mosque in Banda Aceh on Aug. 15, 2026. Reza Saifullah/AFP via Getty Images

21 years after disaster helped bring peace to Aceh – has botched Indonesian response to floods reignited calls for independence?

A decades-long insurgency in the Indonesian province ended after 2004’s devastating tsunami. But pro-independence talk is on the rise again.
Men watch the announcement of PKK’s abandonment of armed struggle on a television screen inside a traditional Turkish tea house, in Diyarbakir, Turkey. Ilyas Akengin/AFP via Getty Images

Turkey and the PKK have made historic moves toward peace – now begins the hard diplomatic work

The PKK has been fighting the Turkish state for more than 40 years. Whether peace can take root will depend on each side’s commitment to a credible peace process.
Umkhonto we Sizwe army veterans stand to attention during the 75th birthday celebrations of the governing ANC in 2017. EFE-EPA/Cornell Turiki

South Africa’s liberation war veterans are angry: here’s why

The dismantling of the liberation armies and that of the apartheid state was managed badly. It left in its wake thousands of angry veterans who felt betrayed.
Detail from a poster for the Codesa talks. Judy Seidman

Art as a weapon in South Africa’s liberation struggle

A retrospective exhibition displays the key works from the life and times of activist and artist Judy Seidman. She has used political posters as a galvanising force in the fight against injustice.

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