Articles on Ancient texts

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Tibetan fabric painting from the 17th or 18th century depicting a Bardo Cycle deity, representing transitional states between death and rebirth in Tibetan Buddhist belief. Dea/ V. Pirozzi/DeAgostini via Getty Images

‘The Tibetan Book of the Dead’ is actually not just about death

Rooted in the Buddhist teaching of the bardo − states of ‘in-between’ − the text offers a way to understand death, life and transformation as deeply intertwined.
‘Blood Pond Hell 'detail depicted in a 1940 Taipei Hell Scroll. The Trustees of the British Museum

How women are reinterpreting the menstrual taboos in Chinese Buddhism

In some cultures, menstruation and childbirth are treated as polluting, not life-giving. One Buddhist text’s interpretation of ‘Blood Pond Hell’ shows how far such beliefs go – and how women respond.
An 8th century BCE gypsum relief from modern-day Iraq depicts a king and his chief ša rēši. Oriental Institute Museum, University of Chicago. OIM A7366. Daderot/Wikimedia Commons/Oriental Institute Museum, University of Chicago. OIM A7366

Not just ‘eunuchs’ or sex workers: in ancient Mesopotamia, gender‑diverse people held positions of power

Ancient evidence tells us these people held positions of power because of their gender ambiguity, not despite it.
An illustration from an Arabic translation of a story in the ‘Pañcatantra,’ a collection of animal fables. Photo12/Universal Images Group via Getty Images

What ancient animal fables from India teach about political wisdom

‘Pañcatantra,’ a striking collection of animal fables in which birds, lions and others speak and reason as humans do, guides leaders through 3 ethical positions.
Gaming enthusiasts at the 2023 Gamescom gaming fair on Aug. 23, 2023, in Cologne, Germany. Sascha Schuermann/Getty Images

A video game based on the Chinese novel ‘Journey to the West’ is the most recent example of innovative retelling of this popular story

The game allows players to free Sun Wukong, the monkey protagonist from the popular 16th century novel ‘Journey to the West,’ and introduces players to the complexity of Chinese religion.

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