Tessa Diphoorn

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A protester is enveloped in a cloud of tear gas during deadly demonstrations in Kenya on 27 June 2024. Kabir Dhanji/AFP via Getty Images

June 30, 2024

Tessa Diphoorn, Utrecht University and Naomi van Stapele, Hague University of Applied Sciences

Reforms have failed to transform an authoritarian police force into a democratic one.

Kenyan police officers manhandle a protestor on June 25, 2024. Gerald Anderson/Anadolu via Getty Images

April 28, 2025

Moina Spooner, The Conversation

Kenya’s police have a long history of using excessive force.

A woman flees as a riot police officer beats her with a baton during a protest over fees at the University of Nairobi. EPA/Dai Kurokawa

November 25, 2019

Tessa Diphoorn, Utrecht University

In spite of numerous reforms, it is evident that various forms of misconduct are interpreted as a part of everyday police work

Private security guard in Nairobi. Sandor Szmutko/Shutterstock

May 22, 2019

Tessa Diphoorn, Utrecht University and Francesco Colona, University of Amsterdam

There’s been a rise in partnerships, over the past 20 years, between private security companies and police units in Kenya