• Assistant Professor in European Studies and International Relations, Institute of Security and Global Affairs, Leiden University
Russian President Vladimir Putin and his Turkish counterpart Recep Tayyip Erdogan shake hands during a joint press conference following their talks in the Black sea resort of Sochi on October 22, 2019. Sergei CHIRIKOV / POOL / AFP

Speaking loudly but carrying a small stick: is the EU powerless against Erdogan?

The EU’s rhetoric after Turkey’s military incursion in Syria has not been backed by concrete action or a persuasive engagement with Erdogan’s government.

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