A 2021 protest in Cape Town against the planned Shell seismic survey for oil and gas along the coast of South Africa. Brenton Geach/Gallo Images/Getty Images

Shell didn’t consult communities properly about mining the Wild Coast – but how much legal protection do South Africans have?

Communities who have lived off the land and the sea for hundreds of years will need to organise if they want to stop giant companies like Shell from destroying their livelihood by mining.

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