Riders who deliver for online food platforms are self-employed, and can nominate a substitute to deliver on their behalf. John Walton/PA/Alamy May 4, 2023 ‘I’m always delivering food while hungry’: how undocumented migrants find work as substitute couriers in the UK Pedro Mendonça, Heriot-Watt University; Ian Clark, Nottingham Trent University, and Nadia Kougiannou, Nottingham Trent University Our study of food delivery workers in one English city highlights the daily challenges facing undocumented migrants in this sector.
