Pavlo Smytsnyuk

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Russian President Vladimir Putin attends a meeting with U.S. representatives Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner (both not pictured) on Dec. 2, 2025. Alexander Kazakov/ AFP via Getty Images

Lasting peace in Ukraine may hinge on independent monitors – yet Trump’s 28‑point plan barely mentions them

Peter J. Quaranto, University of Notre Dame; Josefina Echavarria Alvarez, University of Notre Dame; Pavlo Smytsnyuk, New York University, and Tyler Jess Thompson, University of California, Berkeley

Building in safeguards, including third-party monitoring, can increase the chances of a successful peace by almost a third, research shows.

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