Patricia Apps

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Because the threshold for the Medicare levy exemption is based on family income, the reform will reinforce the move towards higher effective tax rates on low income second earners in a family. Joe Castro/AAP

Shifting the tax burden to middle‑income earners will undermine jobs and growth

Patricia Apps, University of Sydney

With its recent budget changes, the government is proposing a rise in marginal tax rates across a wide band of middle incomes and a marginal tax rate cut for the top.
A leader’s retreat between state premiers and prime minister Tony Abbott will centre around the GST. AAP/David Moir

Leaders debate the GST: what you need to know

Michelle Grattan, University of Canberra; Alan Duncan, Curtin University; John Daley, Grattan Institute; Patricia Apps, University of Sydney, and Roger Wilkins, The University of Melbourne

Who supports increasing the GST and who is against it? What does ‘regressive tax’ mean? And who will be worse off? Our experts give the answers.
Shifting the tax burden to wage earners in the middle is a costly and outdated approach to tax reform. Dave Hunt/AAP

Expanding the GST would hit the ‘middle’ and women the hardest

Patricia Apps, University of Sydney

Many developed economies have experienced a significant increase in inequality in recent decades. Survey data for Australia show that the share of the top 10% of the income distribution, and more markedly…

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