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Lee Rafuse Haines

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Associate Research Professor of Molecular Parasitology and Medical Entomology, University of Notre Dame

Steak and other red meats can trigger an allergic reaction in people with alpha-gal syndrome. Vicushka/Moment via Getty Images

August 5, 2025

A red meat allergy from tick bites is spreading – and the lone star tick isn’t the only alpha‑gal carrier to worry about

Lee Rafuse Haines, University of Notre Dame

Studies have linked ticks on 6 continents to alpha-gal syndrome and its unusual symptoms. An entomologist explains what this frustrating illness is.

The Aedes mosquito is a vector of several viral diseases, including eastern equine encephalitis, or EEE, and West Nile fever. Lee Haines

February 4, 2025

Some viruses prefer mosquitoes to humans, but people get sick anyway − a virologist and entomologist explain why

Lee Rafuse Haines, University of Notre Dame and Pilar Pérez Romero, University of Notre Dame

The virus that causes eastern equine encephalitis, or EEE, has evolved to infect mosquitoes. To be able to spread between people, however, it faces extra challenges.

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Location: Notre Dame, Indiana, U.S.
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Joined January 10, 2025