• John Curtin Distinguished Professor, Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University
Artist’s illustration of Bullerichthys, a placoderm fish that could resorb its teeth like modern bony fishes do. Brian Choo & Peter Schouten

Many animals can reshape and shed their teeth – and now scientists have traced this ability back 380 million years

A new study of ancient, extinct fish known as placoderms provides another piece of the evolutionary puzzle about our deep time, aquatic ancestors.
A typical elephant shark from the Melbourne Aquarium. Wikimedia/Fir0002/Flagstaffotos

Avoiding Medusa’s gaze: what sharks can tell us about a rare human disease

Some things that develop as normal in elephant sharks and other marine life can mimic things we see in human disease. That makes these ‘mutants’ ideal for study to find out why things go wrong in humans.
A bull male Eastmanosteus placoderm. Placoderms were the first creatures to evolve paired reproductive organs with a bony skeleton called claspers. Brian Choo & John Long, Flinders University.

The first vertebrate sexual organs evolved as an extra pair of legs

We humans use the euphemism for sex that “we like to get a leg over” but the first jawed vertebrates – the placoderms – they liked to get a leg in. They were the first back-boned creatures to evolve male…
A reconstruction of a ptyctodontid fish, one of the groups of placoderms studied from which well-preserved muscles were found. John A Long

From bone to brawn: ancient fish show off their muscles

Fossilised soft tissues, such as skin and muscle, are exceptionally hard to come by. When you think the chances of an animal being fossilised is less than one in a million - and these usually have only…

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