Justina C. Ray

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  • Adjunct professor, Institute of Forestry and Conservation and Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Toronto
Prime Minister Mark Carney, left, makes an announcement with Ontario Premier Doug Ford at the Darlington Energy Complex in Courtice, Ont., on October 23, 2025. The government is considering proposals for a new nuclear power plant at the complex. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Laura Proctor

Fast‑tracking without foresight: Canada’s risky approach to major projects

Justina C. Ray, University of Toronto and Dave Poulton, The University of Queensland

Adopting a well-established strategy can help Canada avoid the dysfunctional outcomes we see repeatedly in today’s planning and assessment processes.
Focused conservation efforts are essential for the protection and recovery of many species at risk, such as the monarch butterfly. (Chris Johnson)

Today more than ever, biodiversity needs single‑species conservation

Chris Johnson, University of Northern British Columbia and Justina C. Ray, University of Toronto

Climate stability and economic health depend on biodiversity. Yet this foundation is hardly mentioned as the federal government seeks to shore up Canada’s economic future.
Delegates arrive at the convention centre at the COP15 UN conference on biodiversity during a snowfall in Montréal, Dec. 16, 2022. The Kunming-Montréal Global Biodiversity Framework was eventually agreed upon at COP15. (Paul Chiasson/The Canadian Press via AP)

Canada must turn its impressive biodiversity protection goals into real actions

Justina C. Ray, University of Toronto

Canada’s biodiversity protection goals paint it as a world-leader in conservation. However, only its actions will reveal the substance behind these words.
A section of the Amazon rainforest stands next to soy fields in Belterra, Para state, Brazil, in November 2019. Efforts to save the world’s disappearing species have largely failed so far. (AP Photo/Leo Correa)

December global biodiversity summit at risk of failure

Justina C. Ray, University of Toronto

The so-called post-2020 global biodiversity framework is a nature counterpart to the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change, and will aim to curb the decline of nature by 2050.
Whooping cranes were hunted extensively through the early 1900s, and by 1941, only 22 remained. They breed in Wood Buffalo National Park, in Alberta. (Shutterstock)

Environmental laws in Canada fall short of addressing the ongoing biodiversity crisis

Justina C. Ray, University of Toronto; Andrea Olive, University of Toronto, and Jaime Grimm, University of Toronto

A bewildering array of laws and regulations cover species and ecosystems in Canada, making their protection inadequate.

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