Josefina Echavarria Alvarez

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Russian President Vladimir Putin attends a meeting with U.S. representatives Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner (both not pictured) on Dec. 2, 2025. Alexander Kazakov/ AFP via Getty Images

Lasting peace in Ukraine may hinge on independent monitors – yet Trump’s 28‑point plan barely mentions them

Peter J. Quaranto, University of Notre Dame; Josefina Echavarria Alvarez, University of Notre Dame; Pavlo Smytsnyuk, New York University, and Tyler Jess Thompson, University of California, Berkeley

Building in safeguards, including third-party monitoring, can increase the chances of a successful peace by almost a third, research shows.
Fragments of Russian shells piled at a farm in the Chernihiv region of northern Ukraine. Volodymyr Tarasov /Ukrinform/Future Publishing via Getty Images

Wars cause widespread pollution and environmental damage − here’s how to address it in peace accords

Richard Marcantonio, University of Notre Dame and Josefina Echavarria Alvarez, University of Notre Dame

War is wreaking havoc on land, water and critical infrastructure in Ukraine and Gaza. Two experts on peace and conflict explain how to include such impacts in peace agreements.

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