O ex-presidente Jair Bolsonaro é visto em sua residência em Brasília, em 3 de setembro de 2025: nem todos os golpistas são responsabilizados por suas ações, mas caso do brasileiro pode ser um exemplo do fim de suas pretensões políticas. Sergio Lima/AFP via Getty Images

Pesquisadores estrangeiros analisam julgamento e condenação de Bolsonaro e outros líderes mundiais por tentativa de golpe

Os líderes de golpes fracassados nem sempre enfrentam punições – e alguns dos que enfrentam recebem tratamento fora dos tribunais.
Miles Taylor, center, a Homeland Security official during the first Trump administration, wrote an op-ed in September 2018 that criticized Trump. AP Photo/Alex Brandon

Cultivating obedience: Using the Justice Department to attack former officials consolidates power and deters dissent

Trump’s use of the Justice Department to target political opponents goes beyond revenge − it deters current officials from defying the president.
Syrian army special forces in 2005, wearing pictures of their president, Bashar Assad, his father, Hafez, and brother, Basil, on their uniform, stand guard at a Lebanese military air base. Patrick Baz/AFP via Getty Images

What happens when leaders have loyalists in charge of men with guns: Lessons for the US from Nicaragua, Syria and other authoritarian countries

Donald Trump’s moves to install loyalists in US security agencies and the military echo the actions of strongmen worldwide who prioritize personal loyalty over competence and respect for the law.
A leader bent on expanding his own power would see the government’s bureaucracy as a key target. Andry Djumantara - iStock/Getty Images Plus

Firing civil servants and dismantling government departments is how aspiring strongmen consolidate personal power – lessons from around the globe

Whether by shuffling agency personnel, creating new agencies, or limiting their capacity for oversight, a common tactic among power-hungry leaders is establishing control over the country’s bureaucracy.
Vladimir Putin celebrated Russia’s annexation of Crimea on March 18, 2022, the eighth anniversary of the move. Mikhail Klimentyev/Sputnik/AFP via Getty Images

Calling Putin a ‘war criminal’ could spark even more atrocities in Ukraine

None of the available methods for holding Russian President Vladimir Putin accountable are likely to actually punish him, and they may even make new atrocities more likely.
Everyday Russians, like these people in Moscow, may shoulder much of the burden of the world’s economic sanctions aimed at Vladimir Putin and his oligarchs. AFP via Getty Images

Economic sanctions may make Russians’ lives worse – without stopping Putin’s assault on Ukraine

Personalist dictators tend to shield the elites who support them from the economic pain of sanctions by pushing costs onto regular people.

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