Jian Zhang

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Advanced tracking and AI tools are allowing companies to charge different people different prices for the same produce or service. A customer browses a grocery store aisle in Toronto in February 2024. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Cole Burston

Price discrimination is getting smarter — and low‑income consumers are paying the price

Raymond A. Patterson, University of Calgary; Emily Laidlaw, University of Calgary, and Jian Zhang, University of Calgary

When artificial intelligence knows consumers can’t afford to walk away, price increases and quality decreases.

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