Portraits of Iranian military generals and nuclear scientists killed in Israel’s June 13, 2025, attack are displayed on a sign as a plume of heavy smoke and fire rise from an oil refinery in southern Tehran. Atta Kenare/AFP via Getty Images

Nuclear scientists have long been targets in covert ops – Israel has brought that policy out of the shadows

Close to 100 scientists have been killed or abducted to stymie foreign nations’ nuclear programs since World War II. But the tactic has serious drawbacks as a means of countering proliferation.

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