Fred D. Ledley

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NIH researchers conducted some of the earliest experiments for developing chemotherapy to treat cancer, circa 1950. National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health

How the NIH became the backbone of American medical research and a major driver of innovation and economic growth

Fred D. Ledley, Bentley University

The agency’s budget has grown steadily since the 1960s, fueling an industry that creates lifesaving medicines and attracts billions of dollars in investment.

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