Violence against civilians is a strategy to create fear among the locals in order to smooth forced recruitment.
Norwegian University of Life Sciences
The Norwegian University of Life Sciences is a public university located in Ås, Norway. It is located at Ås in Akershus, near Oslo, and at Adamstuen in Oslo and has around 5000 students.
Established in 1859 as the Norwegian Agricultural Postgraduate College, it became a scientific university college (vitenskapelig høgskole) in 1897 and received university status in 2005. Prior to 2005 it was known as Norges landbrukshøgskole (NLH), also in English as Agricultural University of Norway. Only a few years later, in 2014 the university merged with the Norwegian School of Veterinary Science (NVH) in Oslo, and is today known as the Norwegian University of Life Sciences. Having a history since 1859, it is the second oldest institution of higher education in Norway, after the University of Oslo. It is also the only educational institution in Norway to provide veterinary education.
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After its battlefield defeat, it’s unclear if the Islamic State in Somalia retains the ability to extort money from the business community.
The possibilities for a large presence of al-Shabaab fighters in Ethiopia are limited.
Depression can severely hinder the ability of refugees to rebuild their lives and integrate into host communities.
Al-Shabaab has grown rich and retained influence over much of Somalia.
Regional rivalries have functioned as oxygen, allowing the rebel group to survive and grow.
The decision to redeploy in Somalia represents a renewed emphasis on the old rivalry with Russia.
By withdrawing its troops from Somalia, Kenya could be doing more harm than good.
Declining US involvement in The Horn would leave a vacuum that others can fill.
Links between groups within the Kivu province and the Islamic state are not new.
The absence of a strong government in Mali
allows jihadists to enter new areas and flourish.
Drones are a tool to manage the threat of al-Shabaab, but there’s no way they’ll defeat the group entirely.
Kenya has done a great deal to prevent and manage terror attacks but there are still many problems that need to be addressed.
There have been positive changes in Ethiopia but major challenges, including ethnic tensions, remain.
Herders and farmers are unhappy about the way a corrupt state exploits rural peasants.
Containing Al-Shabaab in Kenya doesn’t directly reduce the group’s standing inside Somalia.
Orang utan di Asia Tenggara dan Cina mengalami penurunan drastis sekitar 20.000 tahun yang lalu, mengakibatkan penyebaran mereka yang terbatas.
Time to rethink orangutan conservation, now we know that our red relatives are actually very adaptable.
Al Shabaab is facing stress under increased pressure from the government and the regional states. But it should also be noted that predictions of its collapse have come and gone before
Authors
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Professor, Director, Norwegian University of Life Sciences
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PhD candidate, Norwegian University of Life Sciences
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Professor of International Relations, Norwegian University of Life Sciences
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Professor, Department of International Environment and Development Studies (Noragric), Faculty of Landscape and Society, Norwegian University of Life Sciences