Halloween originated in Ireland, but the Irish used to carve turnips – not pumpkins.
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Folklorists created a through line from the Celtic pagan festival of Samhain to Halloween. But the Halloween we know today has more to do with the English, a 9th century pope and American consumerism.
Peatlands have been central to how northern European folklore has explored fear and a sense of the supernatural for hundreds of years. Their persistence is also key to slowing down climate change.
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Associate Professor, Department of Language and Literacy Education, University of British Columbia
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Dean’s Professor of Religion & Professor of History, USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences
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Catedrático de Microbiología. Miembro de la Sociedad Española de Microbiología, Universidad de Salamanca